Sugar Substitutes for Diabetes

Sugar Substitutes for Diabetes

·         By Beth Gilbert | Medically reviewed by Lindsey Marcellin, MD, MPH

If you think that people with diabetes should always avoid sugar, think again — they can enjoy the sweet stuff, in moderation. "The best bet is to use a very minimal amount of real sugar as part of a balanced diabetic diet," says Keri Glassman, MS, RD, CDN, of Nutritious Life, a nutrition practice based in New York City. That being said, sugar substitutes offer sweetness while controlling carbohydrate intake and blood glucose. There are many sugar substitutes to choose from, but they’re not all calorie-free and they vary in terms of their impact on blood sugar. "The major difference between the sugar substitutes is whether they are nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners," says Melissa Mullins, MS, RD, a certified diabetes educator with Johnston Memorial Hospital in Abingdon, Va. "Non-nutritive sweeteners provide no calories and no changes in blood glucose levels, which is perfect for people with diabetes.” Here are six sweet options to consider.

Splenda: Good for Diabetes
Splenda is a brand name for sucralose, a non-nutritive or artificial sweetener, which is excellent for people with diabetes — type 2 diabetes in particular. Splenda is 600 times sweeter than sugar, says Glassman, but those little yellow packets have no effect on blood sugar. In addition, Splenda passes through the body with minimal absorption.

Saccharin: Watch Out for Weight Gain
Saccharin, the sweetener sold in pink packets under the brand name Sweet 'N' Low, is calorie-free and is about 300 to 500 times sweeter than sugar. Though it can be a sugar substitute option for those with diabetes, "research has shown that the intake of saccharin can lead to weight gain," Glassman warns. "Usually, when one eats a sweet food, the body expects calories to accompany that food. When the body does not get those calories, it looks for them elsewhere. This can lead to greater calorie consumption throughout the day as your body craves the caloric satisfaction it has missed," she explains.

Aspartame: Possible Side Effects
Aspartame, sold in blue packets under the brand names Equal and NutraSweet, is a non-nutritive artificial sweetener that is 200 times sweeter than sugar. While not zero calories like some other artificial sweeteners, aspartame is still very low in calories. But while the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has reviewed the scientific research and found aspartame to be safe for human consumption, Glassman notes that there have also been some conflicting study results on aspartame's safety. "Although its low calorie reputation is appealing for most weight-conscious individuals, it has been linked to many negative side effects," Glassman says. "Some research shows linkage to leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. Other research shows a linkage to migraines." In addition, people with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare condition in which they are unable to metabolize phenylalanine (a key component of aspertame), should not consume this sugar substitute.

Stevia: An All-Natural Option
Truvia, the newbie among sugar substitutes, is one brand of the sweetener derived from the leaf of the stevia plant, native to Central and South America. Truvia is calorie-free and has been shown to have little to no impact on blood sugar, which is why it is an excellent sugar substitute for diabetic people. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of certain stevia extracts as a sweetener in foods and beverages, and other brands, including Pure Via and Sun Crystals. There have been anecdotal reports of side effects associated with over-consumption of stevia, including headaches and gastrointestinal symptoms, but to date there is no solid scientific research to back this up.

Agave: Super Sweetener
Derived from the sap of the agave plant, agave nectar is a form of sugar, but it is low on the glycemic index. This means that agave is absorbed more slowly by the body, causing a relatively lower spike in blood sugar and less of a sugar rush than other forms of the real thing. "Its low glycemic index makes it a good sugar substitute for diabetic people," says Glassman. One caveat: agave has about 60 calories per tablespoon, making portion control essential. However, Glassman notes,"agave is 1.5 times sweeter than sugar, so you can use less."

Sugar Alcohols: Low-Calorie Sweeteners
Sugar alcohols, or polyols, are derived from the natural fibers in fruits and vegetables. They do contain carbohydrates, so they are considered nutritive sweeteners. Though sugar alcohols are relatively low in calories and blood-sugar friendly, they can cause indigestion, bloating, diarrhea, and headaches. See how you respond to a small amount before incorporating them into your daily diet. Examples of sugar alcohols include sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol.
Mullins says that sugar alcohols contain some carbohydrates, and some types break down more completely than others. "I recommend that people who are going to use these sugar substitutes keep track of carbohydrate levels," says Mullins. "Subtract half the amount of sugar alcohols from the total number of carbohydrates to understand how many carbs are actually being consumed and the impact on blood glucose levels."

http://www.everydayhealth.com/type-2-diabetes-pictures/sugar-substitutes-for-diabetes.aspx?pos=1&xid=nl_EverydayHealthDietandNutrition_20141019

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Sweet Potatoes

Stressed? Eat sweet potatoes! Sweet potatoes have proven themselves to be great stress reducers. With their sweetness and high concentration of carbohydrates, sweet potatoes satisfy common stress-related cravings for sugar. They are also high in fiber, which means you'll feel satisfied longer. What is your "go-to" food to relieve stress?

Papaya

 

Papaya tree bears many spherical or pear-shaped fruits that can have about 6-20 inches in length and 4-12 inches in diameter. The average-sized papaya weighs about a pound. The fruit is said to ripen when it feels soft to thumb pressure, and its skin has attained an amber to orange hue.

Inside, the fruit features numerous black seeds, encased in a mucin coat, in the hollow central cavity. The flesh is orange in color with either yellow or pink hues, soft in consistency and has a deliciously sweet, musky taste with rich flavor.

Babaco fruit is closely related to papaya, has similar appearance and flavor as papaya.

Papaya fruit health benefits

• The papaya fruit is very low in calories (just 39 calories/100 g) and contains no cholesterol; however, is a rich source of phyto-nutrients, minerals, and vitamins.
• Papayas contain soft, easily digestible flesh with a good amount of soluble dietary fiber that helps to have normal bowel movements; thereby reducing constipation.
• Fresh, ripe fruit is one of the fruits with the highest vitamin-C content (provides 61.8 mg or about 103% of DRI, more than that of in oranges, or lemons). Research studies have shown that vitamin C has many important functions like free radicals scavenging, immune booster, and anti-inflammatory actions.
• It is also an excellent source of Vitamin-A (provides 1094 IU/100 g) and flavonoids like �-carotene, lutein, zea-xanthin and cryptoxanthin. Vitamin A is required for maintaining healthy mucus membranes and skin and is essential for visual sight. These compounds are known to have antioxidant properties; help act as protective scavengers against oxygen-derived free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that play a role in aging and various disease processes. Consumption of natural fruits rich in carotenes has known to protect the body from lung and oral cavity cancers.
• Papaya fruit is also rich in many essential B-complex vitamins such as Folic acid, pyridoxine (vitamin B-6), riboflavin, and thiamin (vitamin B-1). These vitamins are essential in the sense that body requires them from external sources to replenish and play a vital role in metabolism.
• Fresh papaya also contains a good amount of potassium (257 mg per 100 g) and calcium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids and helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure countering effects of sodium.
• Papaya seeds have been the proven natural remedy for many ailments in the traditional medicines. The seeds are found application as anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, and analgesic, and used to treat stomachache and ringworm infections.

Selection and storage

Papaya is usually harvested when it shows signs of maturity; evident as skin slightly turning to yellow. Organic papayas generally left to ripen on the tree; however, care should be taken since over-ripen fruits actually fall off themselves and spoiled.

In the store, papayas come in various sizes and maturity; therefore, select the one based on the serving size and timing. Choose the one with intact skin without any bruises or cuts. Unripe fruits can be kept at room temperature for few days but ripen ones should be stored in the refrigerator. Bring back the fruit to normal temperature when it is to be eaten to get their natural taste and flavor.

Unripe green papaya is cooked as a vegetable in many Asian and Pacific regions. However, the fruit should not be eaten raw as it contains toxic alkaloids in its milky latex.

Preparation and serving method

Wash papaya fruit thoroughly in cold running water to remove dust and any pesticide residues. Skin is bitter in taste and inedible. Remove skin with "peeling knife," cut the fruit longitudinally into two equal halves. Gently remove seeds and thin slimy layer loosely adhering to the flesh. Cut the fruit longitudinally like melon or cut into small cubes.

Here are some serving tips

• Ripe papaya fruit is usually eaten raw with a twist of lemondrops.
• Fresh papaya cubes are a great addition to fruit salads.
• Papaya juice with ice cubes is a popular drink.
• Its cubes are used in ice creams, shakes, sorbets, salsa, etc.
• Ripe fruit also goes well with chicken and seafood savory dishes.
• Unripe green papaya can be used as a vegetable, either cooked, usually in stews, stir-fry, curries, and soups.

Safety profile

Papayas contain white milk like latex substance, which can cause irritation to skin and provoke allergic reaction in some sensitized persons.

Ripe papaya fruit can be safely used by pregnant women. Unripe, green papaya should be avoided in them since it contains a lot of papain, a proteolytic enzyme that used commercially to tenderize meat. In addition, nripe-papaya fruit, seeds, latex, and leaves also contain carpaine, an alkaloid which could be dangerous when eaten in high doses. Unripe papaya, however, used safely as a cooked vegetable.(Medical disclaimer).

http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/papaya-fruit.html